Historical · 2013-2016

2013-2016 Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Mali, Senegal Ebola outbreak (EBOV)

Multiple - first cross-border ebolavirus epidemic. Reported 28,616 cases and 11,310 deaths, apparent CFR 39.5%. Strain: Zaire virus.

Last updated 2026-05-17

At a glance

Years: 2013-2016
Countries: Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Mali, Senegal
Locations: Multiple - first cross-border ebolavirus epidemic
Strain: Zaire virus (EBOV)
Reported cases: 28,616
Reported deaths: 11,310
Apparent CFR: 39.5%
Why this outbreak matters: Largest Ebola outbreak in recorded history. PHEIC declared 8 August 2014. Drove rVSV-ZEBOV (Ervebo) clinical trials.

Centroid placed at the most commonly reported town or health zone for this outbreak. See the full outbreak map for every recorded event since 1976.

Multiple - first cross-border ebolavirus epidemic

8.460°, -11.780°

Year	Location	Cases	Deaths	CFR
1976	Zaire (now DRC) · Yambuku	318	280	88.1%
1994-1995	Gabon · Makokou - gold-mining camps	52	31	59.6%
1995	Zaire (now DRC) · Kikwit	315	254	80.6%
1996-1997	Gabon · Mayibout 2, Booué, Libreville	91	66	72.5%
2001-2003	Gabon, Republic of the Congo · Border regions - Mbomo, Kelle	302	254	84.1%
2005	Republic of the Congo · Etoumbi	12	10	83.3%
2007	DRC · Luebo, Mweka - Kasaï-Occidental	264	187	70.8%
2008-2009	DRC · Mweka, Luebo	32	14	43.8%
2014	DRC · Équateur Province	66	49	74.2%
2018	DRC · Bikoro, Mbandaka - Équateur Province	54	33	61.1%
2018-2020	DRC, Uganda · North Kivu, Ituri, South Kivu - armed-conflict zones	3,470	2,280	65.7%
2020	DRC · Équateur Province	130	55	42.3%
2021	DRC · Butembo, North Kivu	12	6	50.0%
2021	Guinea · N’Zérékoré Region	23	12	52.2%
2021	DRC · North Kivu	11	9	81.8%
2025	DRC · Kasaï Province	81	28	34.6%