Strain · SUDV

Sudan virus

Second most common ebolavirus species causing human outbreaks. Has caused recurring outbreaks in Sudan and Uganda. No approved vaccines or therapeutics target Sudan virus; investigational candidates exist but did not deploy in time for the 2022–2023 Mubende outbreak.

Last updated 2026-08-07

Profile

Scientific name: Sudan ebolavirus
Abbreviation: SUDV
Discovered: 1976 · Nzara, southern Sudan (now South Sudan)
Pathogenic in humans: Yes
Case fatality (historical): 40–70%
Recognised outbreaks: 8
Natural host: Reservoir not definitively identified. Fruit bats remain the leading hypothesis, consistent with Zaire ebolavirus ecology.
CFR notes: CFR typically lower than Zaire ebolavirus but still severe. Uganda 2000–2001 outbreak: 53%. Uganda 2022–2023 Mubende outbreak: 47%.

Recognised outbreaks of Sudan virus

Year	Location	Cases	Deaths	CFR	Notes
2025	UgandaKampala, Mbale, Wakiso	14	4	28.6%	-
2022–2023	UgandaMubende District, then nine districts including Kampala suburbs	164	77	47.0%	Largest Sudan virus outbreak since 2000. No approved vaccine or therapeutic available; clinical trials of investigational candidates launched.
2012	UgandaKibaale District	24	17	70.8%	-
2004	SudanYambio	17	7	41.2%	-
2000–2001	UgandaGulu, Masindi, Mbarara	425	224	52.7%	Largest Sudan virus outbreak on record before 2022.
1979	SudanNzara, Maridi	34	22	64.7%	-
1976	SudanNzara, Maridi, Tumbura, Juba	284	151	53.2%	First recorded Sudan virus outbreak. Cotton-factory associated.