Souche · EBOV

Zaire virus

The most lethal and best-studied ebolavirus species. Caused the 1976 Yambuku, 1995 Kikwit, 2014–2016 West Africa, and 2018–2020 Kivu outbreaks. The only species currently covered by FDA-approved vaccines (Ervebo, Zabdeno/Mvabea) and monoclonal antibody therapeutics (Inmazeb, Ebanga).

Last updated 2026-08-07

Profil

Nom scientifique: Zaire ebolavirus
Abréviation: EBOV
Découvert: 1976 · Yambuku, then-Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Pathogène chez l'humain: Oui
Létalité historique: 40–90%
Épidémies reconnues: 15
Hôte naturel: Suspected reservoir: African fruit bats (notably Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops franqueti, Myonycteris torquata). Direct isolation from live bats remains rare; serological evidence is the primary line.
Notes sur la létalité: Highest historical CFR among species. The 1976 index outbreak in Yambuku had a reported 88% CFR; the 2014–2016 West Africa outbreak was approximately 40% across all confirmed cases.

Épidémies reconnues de Zaire virus

Année	Lieu	Cas	Décès	Létalité
2025	DRC · Kasaï Province	81	28	34.6%
2021	DRC · Butembo, North Kivu	12	6	50.0%
2021	Guinea · N’Zérékoré Region	23	12	52.2%
2021	DRC · North Kivu	11	9	81.8%
2020	DRC · Équateur Province	130	55	42.3%
2018	DRC · Bikoro, Mbandaka - Équateur Province	54	33	61.1%
2018–2020	DRC, Uganda · North Kivu, Ituri, South Kivu - armed-conflict zones	3,470	2,280	65.7%
2014	DRC · Équateur Province	66	49	74.2%
2013–2016	Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Mali, Senegal · Multiple - first cross-border ebolavirus epidemic	28,616	11,310	39.5%
2008–2009	DRC · Mweka, Luebo	32	14	43.8%
2007	DRC · Luebo, Mweka - Kasaï-Occidental	264	187	70.8%
2005	Republic of the Congo · Etoumbi	12	10	83.3%
2001–2003	Gabon, Republic of the Congo · Border regions - Mbomo, Kelle	302	254	84.1%
1996–1997	Gabon · Mayibout 2, Booué, Libreville	91	66	72.5%
1995	Zaire (now DRC) · Kikwit	315	254	80.6%
1994–1995	Gabon · Makokou - gold-mining camps	52	31	59.6%
1976	Zaire (now DRC) · Yambuku	318	280	88.1%