{
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "attribution": "EbolaIntel (https://ebolaintel.com)",
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "generatedAt": "2026-05-17T19:59:24.990Z",
  "count": 6,
  "strains": [
    {
      "slug": "zaire",
      "scientificName": "Zaire ebolavirus",
      "abbreviation": "EBOV",
      "commonName": "Zaire virus",
      "discoveredYear": 1976,
      "discoveredLocation": "Yambuku, then-Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)",
      "pathogenicInHumans": true,
      "cfrRangePct": [
        40,
        90
      ],
      "cfrNotes": "Highest historical CFR among species. The 1976 index outbreak in Yambuku had a reported 88% CFR; the 2014–2016 West Africa outbreak was approximately 40% across all confirmed cases.",
      "confirmedHumanOutbreaks": 15,
      "approvedVaccineCoverage": true,
      "approvedTherapeuticCoverage": true,
      "naturalHostHypothesis": "Suspected reservoir: African fruit bats (notably Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops franqueti, Myonycteris torquata). Direct isolation from live bats remains rare; serological evidence is the primary line.",
      "summary": "The most lethal and best-studied ebolavirus species. Caused the 1976 Yambuku, 1995 Kikwit, 2014–2016 West Africa, and 2018–2020 Kivu outbreaks. The only species currently covered by FDA-approved vaccines (Ervebo, Zabdeno/Mvabea) and monoclonal antibody therapeutics (Inmazeb, Ebanga)."
    },
    {
      "slug": "sudan",
      "scientificName": "Sudan ebolavirus",
      "abbreviation": "SUDV",
      "commonName": "Sudan virus",
      "discoveredYear": 1976,
      "discoveredLocation": "Nzara, southern Sudan (now South Sudan)",
      "pathogenicInHumans": true,
      "cfrRangePct": [
        40,
        70
      ],
      "cfrNotes": "CFR typically lower than Zaire ebolavirus but still severe. Uganda 2000–2001 outbreak: 53%. Uganda 2022–2023 Mubende outbreak: 47%.",
      "confirmedHumanOutbreaks": 8,
      "approvedVaccineCoverage": false,
      "approvedTherapeuticCoverage": false,
      "naturalHostHypothesis": "Reservoir not definitively identified. Fruit bats remain the leading hypothesis, consistent with Zaire ebolavirus ecology.",
      "summary": "Second most common ebolavirus species causing human outbreaks. Has caused recurring outbreaks in Sudan and Uganda. No approved vaccines or therapeutics target Sudan virus; investigational candidates exist but did not deploy in time for the 2022–2023 Mubende outbreak."
    },
    {
      "slug": "bundibugyo",
      "scientificName": "Bundibugyo ebolavirus",
      "abbreviation": "BDBV",
      "commonName": "Bundibugyo virus",
      "discoveredYear": 2007,
      "discoveredLocation": "Bundibugyo District, western Uganda",
      "pathogenicInHumans": true,
      "cfrRangePct": [
        25,
        51
      ],
      "cfrNotes": "CFR has historically been the lowest among pathogenic ebolavirus species. Uganda 2007–2008: 25%. DRC 2012 Orientale Province: 51%.",
      "confirmedHumanOutbreaks": 3,
      "approvedVaccineCoverage": false,
      "approvedTherapeuticCoverage": false,
      "naturalHostHypothesis": "Reservoir not identified. Fruit bats remain hypothesised by analogy to other ebolaviruses.",
      "summary": "A rare ebolavirus species that, before 2026, had caused only two recognised outbreaks (Uganda 2007–2008, DRC 2012). The 2026 DRC + Uganda outbreak, declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by WHO on 17 May 2026, is the third recorded Bundibugyo outbreak. No vaccines or therapeutics approved for human use are known to be effective against Bundibugyo virus."
    },
    {
      "slug": "tai-forest",
      "scientificName": "Taï Forest ebolavirus",
      "abbreviation": "TAFV",
      "commonName": "Taï Forest virus",
      "discoveredYear": 1994,
      "discoveredLocation": "Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire",
      "pathogenicInHumans": true,
      "cfrRangePct": null,
      "cfrNotes": "Only one recognised human case (a Swiss ethologist conducting an autopsy on an infected chimpanzee); the patient survived. No CFR can be reliably calculated from a single case.",
      "confirmedHumanOutbreaks": 1,
      "approvedVaccineCoverage": false,
      "approvedTherapeuticCoverage": false,
      "naturalHostHypothesis": "Reservoir not identified. Outbreak was traced through an infected chimpanzee carcass; bat reservoirs hypothesised.",
      "summary": "A species recognised from a single 1994 human case. Has not caused any subsequent recorded outbreaks. Of mostly academic interest for the broader ebolavirus genus but included here for completeness."
    },
    {
      "slug": "reston",
      "scientificName": "Reston ebolavirus",
      "abbreviation": "RESTV",
      "commonName": "Reston virus",
      "discoveredYear": 1989,
      "discoveredLocation": "Reston, Virginia, United States (in a primate research facility)",
      "pathogenicInHumans": false,
      "cfrRangePct": null,
      "cfrNotes": "No confirmed human deaths. Serological evidence of human infection exists in animal handlers, but no symptomatic disease has been documented in humans.",
      "confirmedHumanOutbreaks": 0,
      "approvedVaccineCoverage": false,
      "approvedTherapeuticCoverage": false,
      "naturalHostHypothesis": "Likely fruit bats in the Philippines. Reston virus has been detected in cynomolgus macaques imported from the Philippines and in Philippine domestic pigs.",
      "summary": "The only ebolavirus species with documented natural occurrence in Asia. Causes severe disease in non-human primates and has been detected in pigs in the Philippines. Despite genetic similarity to pathogenic species, Reston virus has never caused recognised human disease."
    },
    {
      "slug": "bombali",
      "scientificName": "Bombali ebolavirus",
      "abbreviation": "BOMV",
      "commonName": "Bombali virus",
      "discoveredYear": 2018,
      "discoveredLocation": "Bombali District, Sierra Leone",
      "pathogenicInHumans": false,
      "cfrRangePct": null,
      "cfrNotes": "No human cases recorded. Pathogenicity in humans is unknown.",
      "confirmedHumanOutbreaks": 0,
      "approvedVaccineCoverage": false,
      "approvedTherapeuticCoverage": false,
      "naturalHostHypothesis": "Detected directly in two species of insectivorous bats (Chaerephon pumilus and Mops condylurus) in Sierra Leone, the first identification of an ebolavirus from live bats before any human spillover.",
      "summary": "The most recently identified ebolavirus species. Discovered in bats before any human spillover, which makes it scientifically significant: it offers a window into pre-spillover ebolavirus ecology. No human cases recorded; pathogenicity is unknown."
    }
  ]
}